Steel-skeleton concrete construction.



C. A. P. TURNER. STEEL SKELETON CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED OGT. 19, 1910.

Patented Feb. 21, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Petented Feb.21,1911.

' s SHEETS-SHEET 2V C. A. P. TURNER. STEEL SKELETON CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. APPLIOATlON FILED OCT. 19, 1910.

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C. A. 1. TURNER.

STEEL SKELETON CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIoATloH FILED 001.19, 1910.

985,1 1 9. Patented Feb. 21, 1911.

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GLAU'DE A. P. OF'MINNEAIPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 21, 1911.

Original application 'led Jnne 1.1, 1907, Serial No; 378,444. Divided and this application led October 19,

Steel-Skeleton Concrete Construction, and do hereby declare that the following -is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Myl invention relates to buildings or. structures erected of reinforced concrete, and the object ofmy invention is toprovide an arrangement ofreinforcement for column and slab or-floor construction, requiring a minimum of concrete and reinforcement, but havin all necessary strength, to the end e cost of erection, both in respect to material and time required, may be substantially reduced and to secure. -certain im- ,f portant advantages which result from the structure which may be produced in accordance with my invention. Inv the accompanying drawing-Figure l a fragmentary side elevation of a reinforced column andfloor slab, 'constructed in accordance with my invention, the reinforcement beingshown by dotted lines; Fig. '2 a detailt-hereof, being la cross section of Fig. 1 taken onthe line 2-2; Fig. 3 a top or plan View of the portions of the Hoor slab reinforcement belonging therewith; Fig. 4 still another fragmentary side elevation of 'a reinforced column and floor slab, constructed in accordance with my invention, but of another modified construction, the reinforcement being likewise shown by dotted lines; Fig. 5 a detail being a cross section of Fig. 4 taken on the line 5-5; Fig. 6 a top plan view of `the column reinforcement, and of the floor slab reinforcement belonging therewith; Figa?" a top or plan view of the major part of th'e floor slab reinforcement.

Briey described, my invention comprehends, in its-preferred form, column reinforcement that extends continuously through vertically alining columns, or columns situated oneabove the other in successive stories of the structure, with cantaliver column heads of reinforcing material separate.' from the column reinforcement, and groups of slab reinforcing rods extending crosswlse of' the .column heads.

First referring to the form shown in Figs.

1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, it will be seen that the column reinforcement consists of a f eted as shown,

ycentric with the column, and `portions are connected by one column reinforcement, and

1910. Serial No. 587,959.

number of vertically disposed angle irons or bars b assembled to form a skeleton framework and, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, extending continuously vthrough vertically alining columns, fragments of columns below and the same floor slab bein shown in Fig. 1. The bars b are shown isposed in pairs and the pairs are united by surround- 111g bands lc, to which said bars may. be rivand the pairs of angle irons are also united by transversely disposed connections Z. The can'taliver head, in this forni of the invention, comprises a plurality .of cantaliver rods which arey wholly` independent of the reinforcements b of the col-A umn, and which, as shown in Fig. 2, are disposed between said column reinforcements.

`As illustrated, and as designated at c, the

cantaliver rods are in the with the lower portions c extending downwardly in the columns to a distance less than the length of 'the column, and embedded therein, and other portions c2 extending latform of elbow rods Ierally in the slab. The portions c2 are radi' ally disposed to form a circular head consaid radiating or more Ysupporting bars preferably in the form of rings e, e. The outer ring c is supported at or near the outer ends of the portions c2, and the inner ring e is supported midway b.-

tween the ends ofthe portions c2, and by` supplemental bracket or M brace rods c3. Superimposed upon the cantaliver head is the slab reinforcement which may consist of belts of direct and diagonally disposed slab rods of reinforcement coverin the area between the columns,- substantia ly, and lying nearer to the top of the slab at the columns than between the same, the slope of the slab reinforcementv being clearly illustrated in Fig. l.

In the form of the invention illustrated ,in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the column reinforcement is formedof a frameworkconsisting of I- beams 0, o', 02, the I-beams 0, having a cross section equal to one cross-sectional dimension of the column, -and the I-beams 0', and and o2 havea cross-sectional dimension substantially half that of the columns, and joined to the`Ibeams o. ,The skeleton reinforcement maybe completed by bands o3 to into the slab and the cantaliver head is formed in part of rods f, extending over the columns and through the flanges of the I-beams'o, o', o2, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. The cantaliver head in this form of the in.- vention also includes elbow rods c having vportions of their length embedded in the columns andother lportions extending into l the slabs and, as shown, in' Vsupporting rela- Vcolumn to column in a manner to substan- .tiallycover the area between the same.

' It'wiyll' be seen from thev foregoing descriptions that my inventionincludes cantaliver bars which are separate and distinct '25 (notlnecessarily separated) from the reinforcements of the columns, and it will be further obvious thaty While portions of the elbow rods extend into ithe columns, their primary'function, as far as the cantaliver head is-concerned, is to perform the oice of' an" anchorage for the cantaliver head. Great advantages accrue from this and among one 'ofthe most important advantages is the fact that the cantaliver heads` may be constructed in accordance with the shearmg strain imposed thereon, and 1rre spective of thenumber or size of the reinv forcingrods in .the columns. In a building consisting of a number ofv stories, a greater I 4-0 number of column rods, forming the column reinforcement is required in the lower stories, than in the columns of the upper stories, and in the upper stories the number of column rods is not sufficient in number to make up a satisfactory head. Besides the economy resulting'from the advantage of i. constructing the cantaliver heads with in- -dependent parts, .with respect to the rein-- forcements of the columns, it is sometimes 5o a material gain in time and convenience to be .able to construct the cantaliver heads independently of the framework of reinforcement constituting the reinforced columns.

, I have -illustrated several embodiments of myinvention in order that it may appear that variations in form and details may be made. without departure from the scope of inyinvention.

Iam able to dispense with the use4 of beams on the under side of the floor slab.

This is an immense advantage in every way. It is economical in the use of concrete; itis also economical in thatit renders' unnecessary the expensive forms for making the beams, and it Ymeans greater rapidity of4 It will be seen that inthis construcwork. As lfari as the finished structure is concerned, the absence of beams on the under side of the floor slab enable partitions to be placed anywhere that it may be found fdesirable to place them. It results in better illumination from the Windows, and -there are no dirt-collecting corners, which, exist Where beams or glrders are "employed Another very important advantage resulting from the' provision of a ceiling that is smooth, or free from beams or projections, is in the matter of lire protection. In fight ing a ire with a stream of water bfrom a hose, the obstruction offered by ribs or beams is obviously serious, since a-rib may stop short a stream of water, whereas a Hat, smooth -surface against which the stream is directed at an angle, will deflect and spread v.the water, causing it to descendto the floor over a Wide area and to the best possible advantage. Where sprinkler' heads are used in a ceiling, `the.cost of equipmentby such a system'of fire protection is substantially reduced., because fewer sprinkler heads arerequired with a flat or smooth ceiling than one where there are beams or ribs on the underside of the ceiling. I

In warehousesor, similar buildings, my invention is of special value because in order to aifordaisles or passageways, the load is, naturall concentrated around the columns, and it 1s at these points, wher'e the load therefore is greatest, that 'the greatest' strength of the structure exists, by reason of the enlarged capitals of the columns, and their integral construction or formation with the slabs, andthe heavy reinforcements ofthe slab st-ructure immediately at and adjacent to the column. The provision` of the capitals on the columns by gradually increasing the diameter of the columns at the top, 'and making them and the sl'ab' an integral mass, takes care of the strains in the concrete which are the greatest over the columns.

As'will be seen by reference 11i@ to the drawings, the rods forming the framework or head atthe top ofthe column extend laterally into the' slab substantial distances beyond thev sides of the column, and as the l -rods are anchored inor supported at their inner ends by the column structure, the arrangement is that of a cantaliver, so that I; avail myself of a cantaliver for-supportlng the slab.

'It will be observed that there is l a concentration- -of the rodslat each columm and the rods extend or radiate from the pointof concentration at the column into the fioor'slab. I Y

Where in-the claims I use the term circumferential as applied to the rin or'rods that lieupon the radially exten'de arms. or rods to form the cantaliver head, it `1s to be understood that4 I do not thereby-.mean a circular or true 4ring form, but comprehend in this term polygonal or suchformsas in the broad sense are meant by circumferential.

This application is a division of my application No. 378,444 filed June l1, 1907.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is:-

1. In fiat slab and column construction of concrete the combination of a concrete slab, and concrete columns formed in an integral mass, `cantaliver heads situated in the .slab at the tops of the-columns and extending into the slab and having members extending downward into the column below the slab, said members being supported in the column independently of the column reinforcement, and formed of reinforcing material, column reinforcements other than the portions of the heads therein, and groups of rods extending through the slab in different directions lover said heads.

2. A flat slab and a columnconstruction of concrete, comprising a canta-liver head in the form ,of a frame-work of'rods a portion of which extends laterally-into the slab, and a portion downward into the column but partially therethrough, column reinforcements, other than said rods, and slab reinforcement extending from said framework'.

3. In flat slab and lcolumn construction of concrete thegcombination of column reinv forcement composed of 'connected angle bars extending vertically'therethrough, a widespreading cantaliver head extending into the slab beyond the column formed of crossed rods, supplemental vertical slab and -column-reinforcing rods ending in outwardly bent portions at the column top, and slab reinforcements formed of rods extending indifferent directions crosswise of the column heads. v

4. In flat slab and column construction of concrete the combination of aconcrete slab, concrete` columns in vertical alinement above and below the slab, column reinforcement extending continuously through a vertical line of columns, cantaliver'heads'separate from the column reinforcement, comprising,

each, crossed rods embedded in the slab and extending laterally outward fromthe column in different directions, rods extending from said head downward into the column and groups of rods extending crosswise of the head through the slab fromcolumn to column in direct and diagonal lines, said rods being toward the bottom of the 'slab between columns.

5. 'A cantaliver head, for flat slab and column construction of reinforced concrete, comprising, as an article of manufacture, spaced, radiating rods, a circumferentially extending rod or rods, means connecting the vlatter and said radiating rods, and columnengaging means at the center of the'head for positioning and supporting said head in relation to the column reinforcement.

6. In flat slab and column construction of concrete'the combination of a concrete slab, columns in vertical alinement above and be-v low the slab, column reinforcement extending continuously through Ithe vertically alining columns, groups of rods constituting slab 'reinforcement extending across the .columns and, from column to column in different directions, and supplemental slab and column reinforcementI consisting of vertical rods situated in the columns that terminate in the slab, in outwardly bent upper ends.

7. In flat slab and column constructionof concrete, the combination of a vertically disposed column and a floor supported thereby, vertical reinforcing rods in said column, separate reinforcing rods in said column bentlaterally outwardly and extending radially into said floor, carrying rods resting upon and supported by the radial portions of said separate' bent rods,

and horizontal rods in said floor arranged upon said carrying rods,.sa1d horizontal rods extending directly from column to column,

`substantially as shown.and described.

8. In flat slab and column construction of concrete, the combination of a plurality of concrete columns and vertical reinforcements therein, of a separate and distinct set of reinforcing elements embedded in the column and principally supported thereby, the ends of said separate set of reinforcing elements being separated so as tol radiate from the column into the floor slabs toward substantially all partsv thereof, and a concrete floor slab embedding and supported by said radiating means.

9. A flat slab and column lconstruction, of concrete, including acantaliverheadformed of elbow rods having portions thereof embedded in the slab, and other portions thereofl extending into the columns a dist-ance less than the height of the columns.k

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set' my hand.

CLAUDE A. r. TURNER.

Witnesses CHAs. J. WILLIAMSON, AGNES T.. HAYES. 

